How does pipe diameter affect flow rate in a water distribution system?

The correct answer highlights that larger diameters facilitate higher flow rates primarily due to reduced friction. In a water distribution system, flow rate is fundamentally influenced by the diameter of the pipes in addition to the pressure of the water being pushed through them.

When the diameter of a pipe increases, the cross-sectional area also increases, allowing more water to pass through simultaneously. This change is significant because a wider pipe reduces the velocity of the water at the same flow rate, which leads to lower friction loss along the pipe walls. With less resistance from friction, a greater volume of water can move through the distribution system without a corresponding increase in pressure, effectively enhancing the overall flow rate.

Conversely, smaller pipe diameters create more frictional resistance. This increased friction can limit the flow rate and require higher pressures to maintain the same volume of water movement. Thus, the relationship between pipe diameter and flow rate is essential in designing efficient water distribution systems, as larger pipes are preferable for transporting larger quantities of water.