In the context of water distribution, what does backflow prevention prevent?

Backflow prevention is a critical component of water distribution systems designed to protect the drinking water supply from contamination. Backflow occurs when water flows in the opposite direction than intended, which can happen due to pressure changes within the system, allowing non-potable water, contaminants, or pollutants to enter the potable water supply.

By installing backflow prevention devices, water utilities ensure that the water flowing back into the main supply does not pose a risk to public health. These devices act as barriers that only allow water to flow in one direction, preventing any potential contaminants that might be present in other systems—such as irrigation systems, fire suppression systems, or industrial processes—from mixing with the clean drinking water.

In this context, although maintenance costs, water loss during treatment, and pressure fluctuations are all important considerations in water distribution systems, they do not directly relate to the primary function of backflow prevention, which focuses on maintaining the safety and integrity of the potable water supply.