Name a common method of water disinfection in distribution systems.

Chlorination is widely recognized as a common method of water disinfection in distribution systems due to its effectiveness and affordability. The process involves adding chlorine or chlorine compounds, such as sodium hypochlorite, to water in order to eliminate pathogens that can cause waterborne diseases.

Chlorine is effective against bacteria, viruses, and some protozoa, making it a versatile choice for ensuring the microbiological safety of drinking water. Furthermore, chlorination provides residual disinfection, meaning that small amounts of chlorine remain in the water as it travels through the distribution system. This residual helps to prevent recontamination and maintains the water quality from the treatment facility to end users.

Additionally, chlorination is easily monitored and controlled, allowing water treatment operators to adjust doses as needed. Its long history of use in municipal water systems demonstrates its reliability as a disinfection method. The adoption of chlorination has played a significant role in reducing waterborne illnesses and improving public health globally.