What can be a result of maintaining dead ends in a water distribution system?

Maintaining dead ends in a water distribution system can lead to water stagnation. Dead ends are sections of the water main where water flow is not continuous, resulting in water that remains idle in those areas. Over time, this stagnant water can become a breeding ground for bacteria and may cause the water to lose its freshness.

Stagnation affects the overall quality of the water, as it can lead to the accumulation of sediments, organic materials, and potential biofilm growth on the interior surfaces of the pipes. This can compromise the safety and palatability of the water. It's crucial for water distribution systems to minimize dead ends by ensuring there are adequate flushing points or by implementing looped systems that promote constant flow, thereby maintaining water quality and reducing health risks.