What does the term "water age" refer to in distribution systems?

The term "water age" specifically refers to the amount of time water spends within the distribution system before it reaches the consumer. It is a critical concept in water distribution systems, as it can impact water quality, taste, odor, and the overall safety of drinking water. As water sits in pipes for extended periods, it can experience changes due to factors such as temperature fluctuations, biological growth, and the leaching of materials from pipe surfaces. Understanding water age helps operators manage water quality and ensure that consumers receive safe and palatable drinking water. By monitoring and controlling water age, utilities can optimize water flow and minimize potential issues related to stagnation.