What part of a water distribution system is typically affected during a power outage?

During a power outage, the primary component of a water distribution system that is significantly impacted is the pumps responsible for maintaining water pressure. These pumps, which are essential for moving water through the distribution system and ensuring sufficient pressure, rely on electricity to operate. When power is lost, these pumps cease functioning, leading to a reduction in water pressure or a complete halt in water flow to certain areas.

While monitoring systems may also face disruptions, they typically do not directly impact the delivery of water. The valves in the system are generally passive devices that control flow and pressure but do not depend on electricity in the same way pumps do. Distribution pipes, meanwhile, are responsible for carrying water but are not affected by power outages; they remain physically intact regardless of electrical supply. Thus, the pumps' reliance on power makes them the most affected component during such events, directly influencing the effectiveness and reliability of the overall water distribution system.