What role does chlorine play in water treatment?

Chlorine is primarily used in water treatment for its disinfection properties. When added to water, it effectively kills or inactivates harmful pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa that can cause waterborne diseases. This disinfection process helps ensure that the water is safe for human consumption and meets health standards. By managing microbial contamination, chlorine helps prevent outbreaks of illnesses associated with contaminated water.

While chlorine's impact on taste and its ability to regulate pH are noted, these are not its primary functions in water treatment. Additionally, chlorine does not play a role in reducing water hardness; that function typically involves the use of other chemicals or processes. Thus, the disinfection capabilities of chlorine are what make it a critical component in maintaining public health through safe drinking water.