Which factors can cause a loss of water carrying capacity?

Each of the factors listed plays a significant role in reducing the water carrying capacity of distribution systems, making the option that includes all of them the most comprehensive and correct choice.

Corrosion occurs when the material of the pipes reacts chemically with the water and the environment, leading to the deterioration of the pipe walls. This can create rough surfaces and reduce the effective diameter of the pipes, thus lowering their carrying capacity.

The deposition of sediment occurs when particles suspended in the water settle and accumulate within the pipes. Over time, this sediment can build up to such an extent that it restricts the flow of water, leading to a notable decrease in the water carrying capacity.

Slime growth, often the result of biological activity, can lead to biofilm formation in the pipes. This growth creates a similar obstruction effect as corrosion and sediment buildup, as the interior surfaces become less smooth and more constricted.

In summary, all these factors—corrosion, sediment deposition, and slime growth—contribute to a reduction in the capacity of water distribution systems, with each factor presenting its own unique mechanisms for reducing flow efficiency. Thus, recognizing that all these elements can together cause significant impairment aligns with a holistic understanding of water distribution system management.