Which technique is commonly used to locate leaks in a water distribution system?

Thermal imaging is commonly used to locate leaks in a water distribution system because it allows operators to detect temperature differences that can occur due to water escaping from pipes into the surrounding environment. When there is a leak, the water may be cooler or warmer than the surrounding soil or pavement, depending on various factors such as the temperature of the water and the ambient conditions. Thermal imaging cameras can visualize these temperature variations, enabling quick identification of potential leak locations without the need for invasive measures or extensive excavation.

This technique is particularly valuable in large systems where leaks may not be immediately visible. It can cover vast areas quickly, making it a cost-effective option for maintenance teams seeking to minimize downtime and repair costs associated with water leaks. Other options, such as visual inspection only, lack the efficiency and thoroughness offered by thermal imaging, while subsurface drilling can be disruptive, and using sonar technology is not typically applied in standard leak detection for water distribution systems.