Why is surface water treated before distribution?

Surface water requires treatment before distribution primarily to ensure the safety of the water being supplied to the public. This treatment process is essential because surface water, which includes rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, is often exposed to a variety of contaminants, including pollutants and pathogens. Treatment methods are specifically designed to remove, kill, or inactivate disease-causing organisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can pose significant health risks if ingested.

Ensuring that the water is free from these harmful microorganisms is a fundamental goal of water treatment. This not only protects public health but also complies with regulatory standards for safe drinking water. While enhancing aesthetic qualities and addressing color or mineral content are also considerations in water treatment, the primary focus remains on safeguarding against waterborne diseases, making the removal of harmful organisms the most critical aspect of the treatment process.